Table of contents

Key Takeaways

  • Companies known as debt collection agencies are available to creditors who have failed to collect past-due bills on their own.
  • For their own gain, debt collectors may also buy debt from the original creditor and try to collect it.
  • A settlement that is less than the entire amount owing will be negotiated with debtors by certain collection agencies.
  • Federal and state regulations that prohibit abusive activities apply to debt collection firms and debt collectors.

What is a Debt Collection Agency?

An organization that works to collect past-due amounts from people or companies, either independently or on behalf of the original creditor, is known as a debt collection agency. There are federal and state rules that govern what debt collectors may and cannot do. 

How Debt Collection Agencies Work

Creditors who have been unable to recover their debts through their own efforts may choose to hire debt collection firms.

Credit card accounts, medical expenses, other kinds of loans, and even delinquent utility bills are examples of these debts. The creditor usually pays a portion of the amount recovered by the collection agency, usually between 25% and 50%, if the agency is successful.

Some collection agencies will work out settlements with borrowers for less than the total amount owed for debts that are hard to collect. Additionally, debt collectors may send cases to attorneys who bring legal action against noncompliant debtors. 

There are debt-collecting agencies that operate independently. After purchasing past-due debt from the original creditor, typically for pennies on the dollar, they try to get as much of it back as they can. They are free to retain everything they recover.

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What Do Debt Collectors Do

Collectors of debts operate similarly whether they are working for themselves or another creditor. In an effort to get past-due debtors to make their payments, they will make an effort to get in touch with them via letters and phone calls. Additionally, they might search for a debtor's assets, including brokerage and bank accounts, to assess their capacity to pay back.

Although the routing and account details may be known, a debt collector must rely on the debtor to make payments and cannot access a bank account or confiscate a paycheck unless they have a court order compelling the debtor to do so.

In order to do so, the debt collector must file a lawsuit against the debtor and obtain a judgment against them before the statute of limitations expires.

(The statute of limitations governing the age at which a debt becomes "time-barred," which releases the debtor from repayment obligations, varies by state.) Although the collector must still go through the debtor's bank or employer to get the money, a court order permits the collector to start the process of garnishing bank accounts and paychecks.

Delinquent borrowers who already have judgments against them may also be contacted by debt collectors. Collecting the money might be difficult, even in cases where a creditor secures a judgment. In addition to levying money on bank accounts or cars, debt collectors may attempt to impose property liens or compel the sale of an asset.

Legal Restraints on Debt Collectors

Consumer harassment by debt collectors has a long history. According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), no industry receives more complaints regarding debt collection than this one.

Rules regarding what debt collectors can and cannot do in their dealings with debtors and other parties are outlined in the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. Debt collectors, for instance, are typically prohibited from calling before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m.

They are not allowed to use profane language, threaten the debtor physically, or harass them with excessive phone calls or other contacts.

Additionally, debt collectors must provide the debtor a chance to contest the information and disclose specific details regarding the purported debt, such as the amount, account number, and name of the original creditor.

These guidelines will be adhered to by trustworthy debt collectors. However, anyone who comes across a debt collector doesn't have the option to complain to their state attorney general's office, the Federal Trade Commission, or the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Customers also have the legal right to file a lawsuit to recover damages.

According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, "You could receive $1,000 in damages if you can demonstrate that a violation took place, along with extra money for any real harm they caused." The collector can also be liable for your legal fees and expenses if you prevail.

What to do When a Debt Collector sues

If a debt collector has filed a lawsuit against you to recover a debt, it’s important to handle the situation carefully to avoid further legal complications. Follow these steps to protect your rights and financial well-being:

  1. Review the Lawsuit Carefully
    Examine the lawsuit thoroughly. Pay close attention to the amount being claimed, the date the lawsuit was filed, and any supporting documents that the debt collector has provided. Check that the debt is yours and the amount is accurate. If necessary, seek legal counsel to understand your rights and obligations in the case.
  2. Respond Within the Legal Timeframe
    Once you’ve reviewed the lawsuit, it’s crucial to respond within the timeframe specified in the legal documents. Failing to respond could result in a default judgment against you, which may lead to wage garnishments, bank account levies, or additional legal action. Don’t ignore the lawsuit—take action as soon as possible.
  3. Consult a Debt Collection Attorney
    It’s highly recommended to seek professional legal advice, especially if you’re unsure about how to respond or whether the lawsuit is legitimate. A debt collection attorney can guide you through the legal process, assess the validity of the claim, and ensure you’re protected throughout the case.
  4. Explore Settlement or Payment Options
    In many cases, debt collectors are open to negotiation. If you’re unable to pay the full amount, consider reaching out to the collector to discuss a settlement or a payment plan. Settling the debt outside of court can help prevent a judgment, preserve your credit, and reduce the financial burden. Legal counsel can also assist in negotiating terms that are more manageable for your budget.

Conclusion: Handling Debt Collection Lawsuits with Care

Facing a debt collection lawsuit can be a stressful and overwhelming experience, but it’s important to know that you have rights and options to protect yourself. By understanding the process and taking timely, informed action, you can mitigate the potential negative consequences, such as wage garnishments or damage to your credit score. Whether you decide to contest the claim, negotiate a settlement, or seek legal representation, proactive steps can help you regain control of your financial situation.

Remember, if you’re unsure of how to respond or if you need assistance navigating the complexities of debt collection, seeking professional advice is always a wise choice. You don’t have to face this challenge alone.

Need Help Dealing with Debt Collection? If you’re dealing with a debt collection lawsuit, Shepherd Outsourcing can help guide you through the process. Our experts provide debt management services to help you find solutions that protect your finances and future.