Table of contents

For a specific time period, the funds needed to pay principal and interest on a loan or other obligation are referred to as debt service. Individual debts like student loans or home mortgages, as well as corporate or governmental debt like company loans and debt-based assets like bonds, can all be included in this phrase.

One of the most important considerations when someone applies for a loan or a business wants to raise more money to run is their ability to pay back debt. A debt is said to be "serviced" when the required payments are made on it.

The Operation of Debt Service in Business

A company's debt-service coverage ratio (DSCR) must be taken into account before approaching a financial institution or another lender for a commercial loan or choosing what interest rate to offer on a new bond issue. The amount of principle and interest that the business must pay on its existing debts is contrasted with its net operating income in this ratio. A lender will refuse to issue a loan if they determine that a company cannot produce steady profits to pay off both the new debt and its current debts.

The leverage of a company is of interest to bond investors as well as lenders. That is the entire amount of debt that a business has taken on in order to finance asset acquisitions. Businesses must be able to continuously turn a profit in order to support a large debt burden, and they must be able to create larger profits in order to service the debt if they plan to take on more debt. A business that is making more money than it needs could be able to pay off more debt, but it still needs to make enough money each year to pay off the debt. Overleverage is the term used to describe a business that has taken on excessive debt in comparison to its revenue.

Debt decisions have an impact on a company's capital structure, which is the ratio of total funds raised by debt to equity (i.e., share sales). While businesses with unpredictable revenues must issue equity, such as common stock, to raise funding, those with consistent, dependable earnings can raise more money through debt. For instance, because they frequently have no rivals, utility businesses are able to provide steady profits. These businesses raise a smaller portion of their capital through stock and most of it through debt.

Example of a Debt-Service Coverage Ratio Calculation

As previously stated, the debt-service coverage ratio is calculated by dividing net operating income by the entire amount of debt service. The earnings derived solely from a business's regular operations are referred to as net operating income.

For instance, let's say ABC Manufacturing, a furniture manufacturer, gets money by selling one of its warehouses. Because the transaction is out of the ordinary, the earnings from the warehouse sale is considered nonoperating revenue.

The amount used in the debt service computation would be $10 million, the annual net operating revenue from ABC's furniture sales. The debt-service coverage ratio for ABC would be 5 ($10 million in income divided by $2 million in debt service) if the company's principle and interest payments for the year came to $2 million. That comparatively high ratio puts ABC in an advantageous position to take on additional debt if it so chooses.

What ratio of debt to service coverage is ideal?

The higher, the better, in general. However, a ratio of at least 1.25 is often what commercial lenders look for. For example, a debt-service ratio of 1 indicates that a business is using all of its potential revenue to settle debt, which puts it in a risky situation that would probably prevent it from taking on more debt.

Additionally, businesses may have a debt-service coverage ratio below 1, which indicates that paying down debt is more expensive for them than they are making. A company might not last long in that circumstance, though.

A debt-to-income ratio, or DTI ratio, is what?

While they are commonly utilized in personal (nonbusiness) borrowing, debt-to-income (DTI) ratios are comparable to debt-service coverage ratios. By dividing a person's gross income by their debt payments for the same time period, the DTI ratio calculates how well-equipped they are to pay off their debts. A person with a monthly income of $5,000 and a mortgage payment of $2,000 will have a 40% DTI, for instance. The allowed DTI will differ depending on the type of loan product and from lender to lender.

Does debt servicing equate to loan servicing?

Loan servicing and debt servicing are not the same thing, despite their similar names. Loan servicing is the term used to describe the administrative tasks carried out by lenders or other businesses they contract with, like processing payments and providing borrowers with monthly statements. The procedure by which a borrower settles a loan or other debt is known as debt servicing.

Conclusion 

The amount of money required by an individual, organization, or government to make loan or other debt payments over a specific time period is known as the "bottom line" debt service. By contrasting potential income with the amount currently being paid to service debts, a company's debt-service coverage ratio assesses its capacity to take on new debt.

Streamline Your Operations with Shepherd Outsourcing! Save time and money by outsourcing to our dedicated teams. Talk to us to get started!